Palavras-chave
Enfermagem
Saúde Mental
Terapêutica
Cuidados de Enfermagem
Como Citar
Resumo
A depressão é um transtorno mental prevalente e heterogêneo, considerado uma das principais causas de incapacidade global, com impacto significativo no sofrimento individual, nas comorbidades clínicas e no risco de suicídio. Caracteriza-se por tristeza persistente, anedonia e sintomas cognitivos, comportamentais e somáticos que comprometem as atividades diárias, tendo origem multifatorial que envolve predisposição genética, alterações neuroquímicas e fatores psicossociais. Esta revisão bibliográfica, realizada em bases como PubMed, CINAHL e Google Scholar (2019-2024), identificou evidências que reforçam a necessidade de reconhecer subtipos específicos, como Transtorno Depressivo Maior, Distimia, Depressão Pós-Parto, Depressão Sazonal, Depressão com características psicóticas e Depressão Resistente ao Tratamento, cada um com particularidades clínicas e terapêuticas. O manejo efetivo exige abordagem multimodal e individualizada, incluindo farmacoterapia, psicoterapia, técnicas de neuromodulação e modificações no estilo de vida. Conclui-se que a prática de enfermagem deve ser sustentada por educação permanente e pelo desenvolvimento de protocolos específicos, a fim de consolidar uma assistência baseada em evidências e voltada à integralidade do cuidado.
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